Uterine cancer: Difference between revisions

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Uterine cancer is a serious risk for intact female rabbits. Reported incidence rates have ranged from 50%-80% in female rabbits over 4 years of age, especially in certain breeds.<ref name="bsava">British Small Animal Veterinary Association, [http://www.bsava.com/Advice/PolicyStatements/NeuteringofRabbits/tabid/162/Default.aspx Policy Statement on the Neutering of Rabbits]</ref> For this reason alone, rescues and veterinarians strongly recommend the [[spaying]] of female non-breeding rabbits.
'''Uterine cancer''', also known as uterine or '''endometrial adenocarcinoma''' or '''uterine neoplasia''', is a serious risk for intact female rabbits. Uterine adenocarcinoma is a gland-like malignant type of tumor that arises from the secretory tissue that lines the inner cavity of the uterus. The tumors usually arise from the endometrial or inside layers of the uterus.
 
Reported incidence rates of uterine cancer in rabbits have ranged from 50%-80% in female rabbits over 4 years of age, especially in certain breeds.<ref name="bsava">British Small Animal Veterinary Association, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101031000821/http://www.bsava.com:80/Advice/PolicyStatements/NeuteringofRabbits/tabid/162/Default.aspx Policy Statement on the Neutering of Rabbits]</ref> For this reason alone, rescues and veterinarians strongly recommend the [[spaying]] of female non-breeding rabbits.
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== Further Reading ==
== Symptoms ==
* PetMD, [http://www.petmd.com/rabbit/conditions/reproductive/c_rb_uterine_adenocarcinoma#.UHZcbsXA-So Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Rabbits]
Intact female rabbits over 3-4 years of age are most at risk.
* St. Francis Animal & Bird Hospital Library, [http://www.stfrancisanimalandbird.com/ResourcesLibrary/?page_id=244 Rabbit Uterine Adenocarcinoma]
 
* Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, [http://www.rabbitwelfare.co.uk/resources/content/info-sheets/uterine.htm Uterine cancer in the doe: What's the story?]
* Blood in urine.
* Wildpro, [http://wildpro.twycrosszoo.org/S/00dis/Miscellaneous/UterineAdenocarcinomaRabbit.htm Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and other Uterine Neoplasia in Lagomorphs]
* Vaginal discharge stained with blood.
* House Rabbit Society, [http://www.rabbit.org/care/bibliography.html Medical Bibliography]
* Cysts in the mammary glands and mammary growths.
* FVMA's 82nd Annual Conference, [http://www.fvmace.org/FVMA%2082nd%20Annual%20Conference/Proceedings/Rabbit%20Neoplasia.html Rabbit Neoplasia]
* Cloudy fluid that may come from the mammary glands.
* Vetstream, [http://www.vetstream.com/lapis/Content/Freeform/fre00002.asp Uterine adenocarcinoma]
* Behavioral changes, including aggressiveness.
* The Merck Veterinary Manual, [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/171350.htm Neoplasia]
* Lethargy, inability to eat, and pale mucous membranes.
* Abdominal masses
 
== Experiences ==
Below are some anecdotes about encounters with uterine and other reproductive cancers in rabbits - some operable, some not.


The following are scientific papers analyzing the statistics of cancer in intact female rabbits.
* u/FurstRoyalty-Ties. (2024). [https://reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/1f980pa/today_we_had_to_say_goodbye_to_our_beloved_female/ Elderly female rabbit was euthanized for uterine cancer and a severe infection.] {{RIP}}
* Harry S. N. Greene, [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44573.x/abstract Adenocarcinoma of the uterine fundus in the rabbit.]
* Everybunny Counts Rabbit Rescue. (2024). [https://www.facebook.com/EverybunnyCounts/posts/pfbid02H9HYAhcHfdqDXyeqSkPrqBgk2QKKbAYRWHAnb6wsFdkai5j4SdqYjX7PauWnW1Pjl Aspen's story] {{Graphic}} {{RIP}}
* Theodore H. Ingalls, William M. Adams, Max B. Lurie and Johannes Ipsen, [http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/5/799.short Natural History of Adenocarcinoma of the Uterus in the Phipps Rabbit Colony]
* Willys Wabbits. (2023). [https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02eDyP1ZunA5pAKNcxFt6oizhpfiWLxqGmXBTc92cSFMV9GzvqUQeH1hhaVYEq1iQfl&id=100064660213050 Zoe's story] {{graphic}}
* E. Cotchin, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2071320/ Spontaneous Uterine Cancer in Animals], pg. 216-218
* Dr. Alisa Rassin. (2022). [https://www.facebook.com/bunnyvetrassin/posts/pfbid026aZ4nifLp94satTYJDtJZY8bPqnjyeEwNdm8Xt1vpDCWrtXSsKEkKUTh6JMu8QJsl Elderly unspayed female rabbit was diagnosed with unoperable metastatic reproductive cancer.] {{RIP}}
* Th. A. M. Elsinghorsa, H. J. F. Timmermans & H. G. Ch. J. M. Hendriks, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01652176.1984.9693937 Comparative pathology of endometrial carcinoma]
* Lori Mills. (2022). [https://www.facebook.com/princess.tribble/posts/pfbid0qwTXxwZyZYnpWpNzAZzQoCjsYUgpkoEnB5RN8uTYGnnWLRe7b6mMkyEQ5pDZnPNAl A surrendered 10-year-old female rabbit that was euthanized due to multiple cancers all over her stomach area, likely from being unspayed.] {{Graphic}} {{RIP}}
* Hablolvarid, M.H., Golami, M.R., Moharami, M.,[http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/83520060308.pdf Uterine Adenocarcinoma in a Rabbit]
* u/BronstigHertje. (2022). [https://reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/uimaz4/my_bun_died_from_cancer_in_my_arms_how_to_deal/ My bun died from cancer in my arms.] {{RIP}}
* u/the57thdoctor. (2022). [https://reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/u1nyq2/i_never_posted_carmie_on_here_before_however/ I never posted Carmie on here before. However, recently she was diagnosed with uterine caner. She’s older at 8 & in my opinion deserves to be remembered. Such a behaved bun & unique character/ears.] {{RIP}}
* u/dubbledubblepls. (2022). [https://reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/tjau00/keep_my_baby_cadbury_in_your_thoughts_shes_off_to/ Cadbury's story]
* Bunny Wonderland. (2021). [https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=827701151169829 Raichu's story]
* Toni Eisman. (2021). [https://www.facebook.com/groups/houserabbit/posts/10159713114853809/ Onyx and Pyrites' stories]
* The Unusual Pet Vets. (2021). [https://www.facebook.com/TheUnusualPetVets/posts/6301029219937318 Lottie' story] {{graphic}}
* Safe Haven Rabbit Rescue, Inc. (2020). [https://www.safehavenrr.org/heartsforhope Hope's story]
* The Bunny Burrow Rabbit Rescue. (2019). [https://www.facebook.com/thebunnyburrow/photos/a.533195630098053/2348236181927313/ Midna's story]
* u/kingbun7. (2019). [https://reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/dv1fbf/im_writing_this_post_to_remember_my_baby_sweetpea/ Sweetpea's story]
* ‎Debbi Braunschweiger‎. (2019). [https://www.facebook.com/groups/houserabbit/permalink/10157436446083809/ Charlotte's story] {{RIP}}
* Bunny Bun Hub. (2019). [https://www.facebook.com/bunnybunhub/posts/427690317924595 Uterine cancer detection]
* Angie Bell. (2019). [https://www.facebook.com/angie.bell.391/posts/3199588630112869 Pictures of uterine cancer] {{graphic}}
* u/octopusbackpack. (2017). [https://reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/5fqvtj/my_bunbun_has_uterine_cancer_advice/ My bun-bun has uterine cancer. Advice?]
* Facebook. (2016). [https://www.facebook.com/sweetiesjourney/posts/715497098599192 Sweetie's Journey], [https://www.facebook.com/pg/sweetiesjourney/photos/?tab=album&album_id=736251953190373 Stories about other rabbits that had/have uterine cancer]
* u/Minniebunny. (2014). [https://www.reddit.com/r/Rabbits/comments/2k6ohp/miss_celie_will_live_to_be_an_old_bunny_thanks_to/ Miss Celie will live to be an old bunny, thanks to the /r/rabbits community (more in comments).]
* NYDesi80. (2011). [http://www.rabbitsonline.net/f27/uterine-cancer-worried-need-some-advice-64287/ Uterine Cancer ... Worried and Need some Advice]
* Rachel Cama-Lekx. (2006). [http://www.rabbitnetwork.org/education-resources/articles/rabbit-health-articles/eves-story-the-consequences-of-not-spaying/ Eve's Story: The Consequences of Not Spaying]
* Miriam's Bunnies. (2000). [http://www.mybunnies.com/onyx_surgery.htm Onyx's story]


The following are articles from rabbit breeders presenting a more well-rounded side about the statistic of uterine cancer in intact does.
== Further reading ==
* Bucky's Bunny Barn, [http://buckysbunnies.tripod.com/UC.html Uterine Cancer in Rabbits]
* PetMD. [http://www.petmd.com/rabbit/conditions/reproductive/c_rb_uterine_adenocarcinoma#.UHZcbsXA-So Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Rabbits]
* House Rabbit Society. [http://www.rabbit.org/care/bibliography.html Medical Bibliography]
* Vetstream. [https://www.vetstream.com/treat/lapis/freeform/uterine-adenocarcinoma Uterine adenocarcinoma]
* Dr Jay E. Hreiz. (2013). [http://msue.anr.msu.edu/uploads/219/38708/Uterine_Adenocarcinoma_in_Rabbits_Jan-Feb_20130001.pdf Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Rabbits]


Below are some anecdotes about encounters with uterine cancer in rabbits.
The following are scientific papers analyzing the statistics of uterine disorders in intact female rabbits.
* Great Western Exotic Vets, [http://www.gwexotics.com/exotic-pet-cases/cases-2011/may-2011-uterine-adenocarcinoma-in-a-rabbit.shtml May 2011 - Uterine Adenocarcinoma in a Rabbit]
* Johanna Mäkitaipale et al. (2022). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1557506322000015 Prospective survey of neoplastic and non-neoplastic uterine disorders in 116 domestic rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>)]
* Miriam's Bunnies, [http://www.mybunnies.com/onyx_surgery.htm Onyx's Story]
* Berit Baum. (2021). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/03009858211002190 Not Just Uterine Adenocarcinoma—Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Masses in Domestic Pet Rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>): A Review]
* Frank Künzel et al. (2015). [https://meridian.allenpress.com/jaaha/article-abstract/51/1/8/183260/Uterine-Disorders-in-50-Pet-Rabbits Uterine Disorders in 50 Pet Rabbits]
* B. Walter et al. (2010). [https://wabbitwiki.com/images/a/a9/Uterinedisordersin59rabbits.pdf Uterine disorders in 59 rabbits] {{PDF}}
* Kumiko Saito et al. (2002). [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/64/6/64_6_495/_article/-char/ja/ Uterine Disorders Diagnosed by Ventrotomy in 47 Rabbits]
* Th. A. M. Elsinghorsa et al. (1984). [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01652176.1984.9693937 Comparative pathology of endometrial carcinoma]
* Theodore H. Ingalls et al. (1964). [http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/5/799.short Natural History of Adenocarcinoma of the Uterus in the Phipps Rabbit Colony]
* E. Cotchin. (1964). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2071320/ Spontaneous Uterine Cancer in Animals]
* Harry S. N. Greene. (1959). [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44573.x/abstract Adenocarcinoma of the uterine fundus in the rabbit.]


== See Also ==
== See also ==
* [[Spaying and Neutering]]
* [[Pyometra]]
* [[Spaying and neutering rabbits]]


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Health]]
[[Category:Health]]
[[Category:Reproductive issues]]

Latest revision as of 18:00, 4 September 2024

This article is incomplete because it lacks depth or is unfinished. Help by expanding it.

Uterine cancer, also known as uterine or endometrial adenocarcinoma or uterine neoplasia, is a serious risk for intact female rabbits. Uterine adenocarcinoma is a gland-like malignant type of tumor that arises from the secretory tissue that lines the inner cavity of the uterus. The tumors usually arise from the endometrial or inside layers of the uterus.

Reported incidence rates of uterine cancer in rabbits have ranged from 50%-80% in female rabbits over 4 years of age, especially in certain breeds.[1] For this reason alone, rescues and veterinarians strongly recommend the spaying of female non-breeding rabbits.

Symptoms

Intact female rabbits over 3-4 years of age are most at risk.

  • Blood in urine.
  • Vaginal discharge stained with blood.
  • Cysts in the mammary glands and mammary growths.
  • Cloudy fluid that may come from the mammary glands.
  • Behavioral changes, including aggressiveness.
  • Lethargy, inability to eat, and pale mucous membranes.
  • Abdominal masses

Experiences

Below are some anecdotes about encounters with uterine and other reproductive cancers in rabbits - some operable, some not.

Further reading

The following are scientific papers analyzing the statistics of uterine disorders in intact female rabbits.

See also

References

  1. ↑ British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Policy Statement on the Neutering of Rabbits
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