Fleas

Treatment

If you have more than one type of animal in your household, try treating them first with oral or topical medications and use the flea comb approach with your rabbits. Usually, once you have eliminated the fleas on your other animals, your rabbit’s problem will go away as well.

Flea Medications

There are a variety of flea medications, but only a few can be safely used on rabbits. Exact dosage will vary based on the size of your pet and the type of medication you choose. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the appropriate dosage for your rabbit.

The following are flea medications safe for use on rabbits:

• selamectin: Revolution® (US) or Stronghold® (Europe) - Pfizer, 18 mg/kg. A single topical (local) dose should be sufficient; if not, repeat in 30 days. Revolution kills adult fleas and prevents eggs from hatching by entering the bloodstream and spreading to sebaceous glands found below the skin's surface. It is also effective against several types of mites and ticks.
• imidacloprid: Advantage® - Bayer, one single kitten dose application is generally sufficient to remove the fleas. If this is not the case, the treatment can be repeated after 30 days. The vapors of this product can lead to irritation of the eyes; it is thus recommended to aerate the room where the rabbit lives in. There have been some deaths reported, but they have not been directly attributed to Advantage. Advantage should not be used for very young (<6 months), elderly (6+ years), or compromised rabbits.
• lufenuron: Program® - Novartis, 10 mg/kg. One sole treatment should be sufficient. If not, the treatment can be repeated after 30 days. Program is an oral chitin inhibitor and keeps new eggs from hatching. However, it does not affect adult fleas, so other treatments will be needed to control severe infestations.

Topical flea medication such as selamectin and imidacloprid are typically applied between the shoulders of an animal where it cannot be easily groomed off. If you have two or more rabbits, keep the rabbits separated for ~12 hours to prevent ingestion by the other until the medication dries.

Natural and Non-Chemical Treatments

Many flea and tick medications are effective at eliminating and reducing flea infestations but use harsh, and sometimes dangerous, chemicals to do so. For mild to moderate flea infestations, there are several natural and non-chemical treatment options that can be effective when used properly. It is important to note that "natural" treatments do not necessarily mean chemical free or non-toxic to your pets.

Vinegar

Not only do fleas find the smell of vinegar offensive, but it makes environments too acidic for them to survive. There are several ways to use vinegar to eliminate and reduce fleas on your pets:

• Apple cider vinegar can be added to your pets' dry/wet food; this works by making your pets' blood taste bad to fleas.
• A vinegar and water solution (i.e. 1 part vinegar to 1 part water) can also be used when grooming your pet as a daily application. Spritz the water/vinegar mixture onto your pets coat and work into the fur.
• You can also use vinegar when bathing your pet. Unless your rabbit has a severe flea problem, baths should be avoided to prevent unnecessary stress. In the event that you find a bath necessary, you should fill a tub or sink with about 1-2 inches of a water and vinegar mixture, and create a soap and vinegar mixture (1 part soap, such as dish soap or plain hands soap, to 1 part vinegar). After placing your pet into this mixture, pre-rinse with vinegar starting at your pet's neck, lather your pet with the soap/vinegar mix and let set for at least a few minutes, and rinse thoroughly with water. While your pet is still wet, spritz their coat with water and vinegar and then thoroughly towel dry. It should not be necessary to bathe your pet every day or even multiple times per week. Just periodically spritz their coat with a water/vinegar mixture and comb for fleas.

Flea Comb

A flea comb is a non-toxic device that combs out fleas and eggs. This option is feasible when there is not a severe infestation. The House Rabbit Society claims that most rabbits learn to love the attention of being flea combed.

To use a flea comb, a thorough combing should be given daily. Kill the fleas by dipping the comb in warm soapy water or alcohol, and rinse the comb out before continuing.

Essential Oils

In addition to vinegar, there are other smells that fleas find offensive and make work to repel fleas.

Other smells and oils have been found in natural flea repellent products:

• Cedar Oil
• Cinnamon
• Lavender
• Eucalyptus
• Lemon grass
• Tea Tree Oil
• Peppermint Oil
• Diluted lemon juice water

Environment

• Create your own flea trap with easily available materials at home.
• Diatomaceous earth is one of the best organic substance that safe for human and pets. Diatomaceous earth (short as D.E.) is good for pests with exoskeleton. What this substance does is it cuts into the bugs exoskeleton and cause them to 'bleed' and dehydrate to death. Recommended use for flea infestation is spread this around the carpets and the edge and creases of your homes for a few days and then vacuum the earth up. Repeat as necessary.

Unsafe Treatments

• fipronil (Frontline® or Sentinal®): Kathy Smith writes,

  Several rabbits have died or experienced seizures after receiving treatment with Frontline. Although the active ingredient is not supposed to cross into the central nervous system of mammals, the number of rabbit deaths reported suggests this is not true for rabbits.

• flea collars: Impregnated anti-flea collars lead to severe irritation and burning of the skin. There are reported cases, where the rabbit attempted to remove its collar, and died as a result of jamming its jaw in the collar. Additionally, flea collars have dosages appropriate for much larger animals than rabbits.

Further Reading

• House Rabbit Society, FAQ:Grooming > Fleas & Mites
• Sacramento House Rabbit Society, Fleas on Rabbits
• My House Rabbit, Treating Your Pet Rabbit for Fleas
• PetMD.com, Fleas Infecting the Body in Rabbits
• Kathy Smith, Fleas
• Medirabbit, Esther van Praag, Ph.D., Fleas and Rabbits